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Animals / 29 objects

Animals size library

Explore current and archived artwork, adopted sizes, measurement definitions and sources. Each drawing fits its own frame. Use the stated dimensions to compare actual sizes.

Showing 29 objects

Animals / blue-whale

Blue whale

Reference geometry
Archived

25 m

Current

25 m

Selected example

A selected adult blue whale example, not a species-wide average or maximum.

Snout to tail extremity along the straightened side-view body axis.

Measurement basis

Mammal Society: Size; NOAA: Appearance.

Mammal Society gives adult length 24–26 m and notes larger females; NOAA distinguishes population and sex variation.

25 m falls within the published adult range. No particular measured individual is claimed.

NOAA and Mammal Society species accounts, accessed 2026-11-13

NOAA Fisheries ↗Full record

Animals / sperm-whale

Sperm whale

Updated illustration
Archived

16 m

Current

16 m

Selected example

Adult male length; females are substantially smaller.

Front of the head to the farthest tail-fluke tip in lateral projection.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW reports males reaching 19 m and females 12 m; 16 m is an adult male example.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / orca

Orca

Updated illustration
Archived

7 m

Current

7 m

Selected example

Adult male; straight snout-to-fluke total length.

Snout to the farthest tail-fluke tip, along the horizontal body axis.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW gives adult male average 8 m and maximum 9.75 m. 7 m is a smaller adult example, not the mean.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / great-white-shark

Great white shark

Updated illustration
Archived

4.5 m

Current

4.5 m

Selected example

Adult great white, straight snout-to-tail length.

Snout to the farthest caudal-fin tip; dorsal and pectoral fins do not define length.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW reports approximately 4 m males and larger females; 4.5 m is within the adult range.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / whale-shark

Whale shark

Updated illustration
Archived

10 m

Current

10 m

Selected example

Adult whale shark, total length including caudal fin.

Snout to the farthest caudal-fin tip along the horizontal axis.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW gives 7 m average with much larger individuals; 10 m is a large adult example, not the maximum.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / dolphin

Bottlenose dolphin

Updated illustration
Archived

3 m

Current

3 m

Selected example

Adult common bottlenose dolphin, total length.

Beak tip to the farthest tail-fluke tip along the body axis.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW gives adult lengths 2.28–3.81 m; the selected 3 m lies within this range.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / elephant

African elephant

Updated illustration
Archived

3.2 m

Current

3.2 m

Selected example

Adult male African bush elephant; shoulder height, not head or ear height.

Ground under the feet to the withers; excludes head and ears.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW gives male shoulder heights of 3.2–4 m. The selected height is at the lower end.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / giraffe

Giraffe

Reference geometry
Archived

5 m

Current

5 m

Selected example

A selected adult male giraffe example; not a claimed species-wide average.

Ground under the hooves to the top of the upright silhouette, including ossicones.

Measurement basis

Printed p. 3, height facts (fourth PDF spread).

GCF lists adult male average height 5.3 m, female average 4.3 m, and male maximum 6 m.

5 m is a reasonable adult male example near the published average. Natural variation does not require a specimen measured at exactly 5 m.

GCF Conservation Guide 2022

Giraffe Conservation Foundation · p. 3 ↗Full record

Animals / hippo

Hippopotamus

Updated illustration
Archived

3.5 m

Current

3.5 m

Selected example

Adult hippopotamus, total horizontal profile length.

Front of muzzle to the rear extremity of the horizontal profile, including the short tail.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW gives total lengths of 2.09–5.05 m, including a short tail. The 3.5 m example is within that range.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / rhino

White rhinoceros

Updated illustration
Archived

3.8 m

Current

3.8 m

Selected example

Adult white rhinoceros; head-body length, excluding tail and projecting horn.

Snout to rump in side elevation; excludes the projecting horn and tail.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW gives head-body lengths around 3.35–3.77 m; 3.8 m is a rounded large adult example.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / polar-bear

Polar bear

Updated illustration
Archived

2.5 m

Current

2.5 m

Selected example

Adult male polar bear, nose to short tail.

Nose to the short tail at the rear of the horizontal profile.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW reports adult males reaching 2.5 m; selected large adult, not the mean of both sexes.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / tiger

Bengal tiger

Updated illustration
Archived

1.9 m

Current

1.9 m

Selected example

Bengal tiger example; snout to rump, excluding tail.

Bengal tiger example; snout to rump, excluding tail.

Measurement basis

Size / physical description or technical dimensions

Zoo lists tiger length 1.5–2.9 m depending on sex and location; 1.9 m is a head-body reference, not total length including tail.

A selected reference example within the documented size class; not a universal average, maximum or exact specimen measurement.

Source accessed 2026-11-13

San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance ↗Full record

Animals / lion

Lion

Updated illustration
Archived

1.95 m

Current

1.95 m

Selected example

Adult male lion; head-body length excluding the tail.

Nose to tail root at the rump; the long tail is outside the measuring span.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW gives total lengths 2.4–3.3 m and tails 0.6–1 m. A 1.95 m head-body example is consistent with those dimensions, not a quoted specimen.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / horse

Horse

Updated illustration
Archived

1.6 m

Current

1.6 m

Selected example

Adult riding horse; ground to withers, not ears.

Ground under the feet to the withers; excludes head and ears.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW describes breed variation with heights around 0.9–1.7 m and outliers. The 1.6 m reference represents a riding horse.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / crocodile

Saltwater crocodile

Updated illustration
Archived

4.5 m

Current

4.5 m

Selected example

Adult male saltwater crocodile; straightened snout-to-tail length.

Snout tip to the tip of the straightened tail.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW reports male maxima around 6–7 m. The selected 4.5 m is an adult example below those maxima.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / ostrich

Ostrich

Updated illustration
Archived

2.4 m

Current

2.4 m

Selected example

Adult male ostrich, ground to crown with upright neck.

Adult male ostrich, ground to crown with upright neck.

Measurement basis

Size / physical description or technical dimensions

Male height is given as 6.9–9 ft (about 2.1–2.7 m); 2.4 m lies within that interval. The source has a typographic decimal error in its lower metre figure; the feet interval is unambiguous.

A selected reference example within the documented size class; not a universal average, maximum or exact specimen measurement.

Source accessed 2026-11-13

San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance ↗Full record

Animals / emperor-penguin

Emperor penguin

Updated illustration
Archived

1.1 m

Current

1.1 m

Selected example

Standing adult emperor penguin; feet to crown.

Ground under the feet to the top of the upright animal.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW gives adult height 1.01–1.32 m; 1.1 m lies within the range.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / human

Adult man

Updated illustration
Archived

1.7 m

Current

1.7 m

Defined reference

A standing adult man used as the defined 1.70 m reference example.

Ground under the feet to the crown of the head.

Measurement basis

Reference models and natural variation.

The project defines a 1.70 m standing reference. The illustration supplies its appearance.

Project reference definition v1

Reference model ↗Full record

Animals / dog

Siberian Husky

Updated illustration
Archived

57 cm

Current

57 cm

Selected example

Adult male Siberian Husky; ground to withers, excluding head and ears.

Adult male Siberian Husky; ground to withers, excluding head and ears.

Measurement basis

Size / physical description or technical dimensions

Breed standard: males 21–23.5 inches at withers = 0.5334–0.5969 m. Selected 0.57 m lies within it.

A selected reference example within the documented size class; not a universal average, maximum or exact specimen measurement.

Source accessed 2026-11-13

American Kennel Club ↗Full record

Animals / cat

House cat

Updated illustration
Archived

46 cm

Current

46 cm

Selected example

Domestic short-haired cat example, snout to rump; excludes tail and whiskers.

Domestic short-haired cat example, snout to rump; excludes tail and whiskers.

Measurement basis

Size / physical description or technical dimensions

ADW gives average total length 76.2 cm and emphasizes breed variation. The 46 cm head-body example leaves about 30 cm for a tail; it is an editorial model, not a reported head-body mean.

A selected reference example within the documented size class; not a universal average, maximum or exact specimen measurement.

Source accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / mouse

House mouse

Updated illustration
Archived

8.5 cm

Current

8.5 cm

Selected example

Adult house mouse; nose to rump, excluding the tail.

Nose to rump; tail and whiskers are outside the measuring span.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW explicitly gives head-body length 65–95 mm; the selected 85 mm lies within it.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / chicken

Chicken

Updated illustration
Archived

40 cm

Current

40 cm

Selected example

Standing domestic hen; ground to top of comb.

Standing domestic hen; ground to top of comb.

Measurement basis

Size / physical description or technical dimensions

Park’s animal-care species page gives height 15–65 cm depending on breed; selected 40 cm is a medium hen.

A selected reference example within the documented size class; not a universal average, maximum or exact specimen measurement.

Source accessed 2026-11-13

Malkia Park ↗Full record

Animals / giant-squid

Giant squid

Updated illustration
Archived

12 m

Current

12 m

Selected example

Giant squid total length, mantle tip to extended feeding tentacle tips.

Giant squid total length, mantle tip to extended feeding tentacle tips.

Measurement basis

Size / physical description or technical dimensions

Museum describes females reaching about 13 m and males about 10 m. A selected 12 m female example includes the long feeding tentacles.

A selected reference example within the documented size class; not a universal average, maximum or exact specimen measurement.

Source accessed 2026-11-13

Natural History Museum, London ↗Full record

Animals / honey-bee

Honey bee

Updated illustration
Archived

1.3 cm

Current

1.3 cm

Selected example

Adult worker western honey bee; head through abdomen, excluding antennae.

Front of head to tip of abdomen in dorsal view; excludes antennae, wings and legs.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW gives worker length 10–15 mm; the selected 13 mm is not a queen or drone.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / monarch-butterfly

Monarch butterfly

Updated illustration
Archived

10 cm

Current

10 cm

Selected example

Adult monarch with wings fully spread; wingtip to wingtip.

Fully extended wingtip to opposite wingtip.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW gives wingspan 8.6–12.4 cm; the selected 10 cm lies within it.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / ladybug

Seven-spot ladybird

Updated illustration
Archived

7 mm

Current

7 mm

Selected example

Adult seven-spot ladybird; body length excluding antennae.

Front of head to rear of elytra/abdomen in dorsal view; excludes antennae and legs.

Measurement basis

Physical Description / adult size

ADW gives adult length 6.5–7.8 mm; the selected 7 mm lies within it.

A practical selected example supported by the documented variation. This is neither a universal average nor a claim about an exactly measured individual.

Species account accessed 2026-11-13

University of Michigan · Animal Diversity Web ↗Full record

Animals / wolf

Grey wolf

Updated illustration
Archived

1.3 m

Current

1.3 m

Selected example

Gray wolf; nose to tail root, not tail tip.

Gray wolf; nose to tail root, not tail tip.

Measurement basis

Size / physical description or technical dimensions

Field protocol separates body, tail and total length; female body-length range 112–145 cm supports a 130 cm head-body example.

A selected reference example within the documented size class; not a universal average, maximum or exact specimen measurement.

Source accessed 2026-11-13

US National Park Service · Yellowstone wolf field protocol ↗Full record

Animals / red-fox

Red fox

New addition
Current

65 cm

Selected example

Selected adult female head/body length, excluding the tail.

Snout tip to the anatomical tail root in lateral elevation.

Measurement basis

Size / Biology: females 62–67 cm, excluding the tail; tail approximately 40 cm.

The Mammal Society lists adult females at 62–67 cm head/body length and males at 67–72 cm.

65 cm is a practical adult female example within the published range. The illustration depicts a representative individual.

Red fox species account accessed 2026-11-14

Mammal Society ↗Full record

Animals / woman

Adult woman

New addition
Current

1.65 m

Defined reference

A standing adult woman used as a selected 1.65 m reference example.

Bare sole baseline to crown in an upright frontal view.

Measurement basis

Reference models and natural variation. CDC/NCHS 2025, Table 8 provides population context.

A defined measuring example. Population height varies by age and location. The selected 165 cm is within the adult female distribution in NHANES 2021–2023 Table 8.

Project standing reference definition v1

Reference model ↗Full record